Phenology

This week at the West Madison Agricultural Research Station (WMARS) in Verona, WI, all cultivars are currently flowering (Table 1). The majority of shoots of almost all of the cultivars are at the development stages of E-L* Stage 19 (“About 16 leaves separated; beginning of flowering” [first flower caps loosening]) and Stage 23 (“17-20 leaves separated; 50% caps off” [flowering]).

*E-L stands for the Eichhorn-Lorenz growth stages scale to describe grapevine development.

Figure 1. E-L growth stages of grape cultivars at the West Madison Agricultural Research Station.

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Growing Degree-Day (GDD) Accumulations

Depicted in Figure 2 and listed in Table 1 are the GDD accumulations from April 1 to June 9 for this year and the past two seasons. Degree-days were calculated using a base 50 °F, starting on April 1 as a biofix date. We use the NEWA website and the “BE” (Baskerville-Emin) calculation. This method uses a sine wave instead of a simple average temperature calculation, which is thought to provide a more accurate estimation of degree-days. You can visit the NEWA “About degree days” page to learn more about the concept of degree days and the formulas used in calculations. (http://newa.cornell.edu/index.php?page=about-degree-days).

At both WMARS and PARS, the current 2021 season GDD accumulation is significantly greater than for either 2020 or 2019, which had been similar to each other at this point in the calendar year. The current GDD accumulation as of June 9 at WMARS was about 150 units higher than in either previous two years. At PARS, the accumulation is effectively double than in 2019 or 2020, resulting in a total temperature experience closer to what was happening at WMARS at this point in the season for those two years.

Table 1. Growing degree day accumulation as of June 9, 2021 (April 1 biofix date; base 50 °F BE*) at the West Madison Agricultural Research Station (WMARS) and the Peninsular Agricultural Research Station (PARS).

Location	2021	2020	2019
WMARS	648	524	480
PARS	400	276	205

*BE = Baskerville-Emin calculation method

This article was posted in Grapes and tagged Amaya Atucha, Andi Nelson, Beth Ann Workmaster, grape phenology, Grapes, grapes developmental stages.